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Economic Crises and Demographic Outcomes

Pungpond Rukumnuaykit

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Description:This dissertation examines the short-run impacts of the Indonesian economic crises on different demographic outcomes of infants and women. In the first chapter, I examine whether the recent Indonesian financial crisis and the 1997/1998 drought and smoke haze crises had adverse effects on infants' birthweight and mortality. In the second chapter, I examine the effects of the 1998 economic crisis on the ages of female first marriages and first births. This dissertation uses data from three waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey: IFLS1 (1993), IFLS2 (1997), and IFLS3 (2000). The methodology used in the first chapter is to compare health conditions of newborns of different birth cohorts. The estimations of both neonatal and post-neonatal mortality risks are carried out using multivariate regressions with socio-economic control variables such as mother's education, place of residence (province/community), and gender of the child. In addition, mortality risks are estimated using hazard models to capture the mortality risks at different ages (in months). The paper uses both nonparametric and parametric hazard models to estimate the hazard rates. The effects of the crises on birthweights are analyzed using multivariate regressions and comparisons of birthweight cumulative distributions. Estimated results on mortality outcomes show that the financial crisis had adverse impacts on neonatal mortality in both urban and rural areas. The adverse effects of the financial crisis on post-neonatal mortality risks were larger and more statistically significant for urban infants than for rural infants. The drought/smoke crisis adversely affected post-neonatal mortality risks in rural areas. The estimated results show that rural infants born during the drought/smoke crisis experienced approximately a 4.4 percentage points increase in their infant mortality risks (44 per 1,000 live births). The magnitude of the effects almost doubled after controlling for community fixed effects. None of the crises significantly affected birthweight. I find that the lack of evidence on the adverse effects may be due to selection problems in reported birthweights. In the second chapter, effects of the crisis on ages of female first marriage and first births are estimated using hazard models. The methods used include both parametric and non-parametric estimations of the marriage and first birth hazards, conditional and unconditional on being married. Estimated results indicate that overall there was an increase in the probability of getting married and a decrease in the probability of having first births among Indonesian women during the crisis in both conditional and unconditional analyses. These findings support the hypothesis that marriages of individuals in a household and delaying first births may have been used as income-smoothing mechanisms in the time of the crisis. Results from this paper are not sufficient to draw any conclusion on why an increase in marriage probability and a delay in having first birth took place. We speculate that women are more likely to get married during the time of the crisis to take advantage of economies of scale and specialization in household production and consumption. The delays of first births might be due to a consumption-smoothing consideration or other supply factors such as the separation of spouses when relocation of individuals occurred during the crisis.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Economic Crises and Demographic Outcomes. To get started finding Economic Crises and Demographic Outcomes, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
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Pages: 352

Format: PDF, EPUB & Kindle Edition

Publisher: —

Release: 2003

ISBN: JPh5kq8euscC

Description: This dissertation examines the short-run impacts of the Indonesian economic crises on different demographic outcomes of infants and women. In the first chapter, I examine whether the recent Indonesian financial crisis and the 1997/1998 drought and smoke haze crises had adverse effects on infants' birthweight and mortality. In the second chapter, I examine the effects of the 1998 economic crisis on the ages of female first marriages and first births. This dissertation uses data from three waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey: IFLS1 (1993), IFLS2 (1997), and IFLS3 (2000). The methodology used in the first chapter is to compare health conditions of newborns of different birth cohorts. The estimations of both neonatal and post-neonatal mortality risks are carried out using multivariate regressions with socio-economic control variables such as mother's education, place of residence (province/community), and gender of the child. In addition, mortality risks are estimated using hazard models to capture the mortality risks at different ages (in months). The paper uses both nonparametric and parametric hazard models to estimate the hazard rates. The effects of the crises on birthweights are analyzed using multivariate regressions and comparisons of birthweight cumulative distributions. Estimated results on mortality outcomes show that the financial crisis had adverse impacts on neonatal mortality in both urban and rural areas. The adverse effects of the financial crisis on post-neonatal mortality risks were larger and more statistically significant for urban infants than for rural infants. The drought/smoke crisis adversely affected post-neonatal mortality risks in rural areas. The estimated results show that rural infants born during the drought/smoke crisis experienced approximately a 4.4 percentage points increase in their infant mortality risks (44 per 1,000 live births). The magnitude of the effects almost doubled after controlling for community fixed effects. None of the crises significantly affected birthweight. I find that the lack of evidence on the adverse effects may be due to selection problems in reported birthweights. In the second chapter, effects of the crisis on ages of female first marriage and first births are estimated using hazard models. The methods used include both parametric and non-parametric estimations of the marriage and first birth hazards, conditional and unconditional on being married. Estimated results indicate that overall there was an increase in the probability of getting married and a decrease in the probability of having first births among Indonesian women during the crisis in both conditional and unconditional analyses. These findings support the hypothesis that marriages of individuals in a household and delaying first births may have been used as income-smoothing mechanisms in the time of the crisis. Results from this paper are not sufficient to draw any conclusion on why an increase in marriage probability and a delay in having first birth took place. We speculate that women are more likely to get married during the time of the crisis to take advantage of economies of scale and specialization in household production and consumption. The delays of first births might be due to a consumption-smoothing consideration or other supply factors such as the separation of spouses when relocation of individuals occurred during the crisis.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Economic Crises and Demographic Outcomes. To get started finding Economic Crises and Demographic Outcomes, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented.

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